富源英语网??联接代词首要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whoever, whatever, whichever等.
联接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你晓得是谁赢得了赤色警报的游戏？
The book will show you what the best CEO should know.
这本书会告诉你最佳的实施总裁该晓得些啥.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你抉择好是买诺基亚仍是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
联接副词
联接副词首要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我啥时分咱们能再会面.
Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?
你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人晓得这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
二、动词的宾语从句
大大都动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of
their team are stronger.
咱们都意料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更健壮.
He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉咱们在整个作业中,他们都会协助的.
有些“动词+副词”规划也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的一切票都卖光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能核算出这次旅行咱们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure保证 make up one’s mind下决计 keep in mind紧记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前保证没有任何差错.
可运用方法宾语it替代的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后边有宾语补足语的时分,则需要用it做方法宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去集会,感触非常怅惘.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习气
.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
咱们都认为对这件事马上做出抉择很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词首要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我厌烦他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为咱们的方案的确可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
咱们认为你会附和咱们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
翻开建议机时, 必定要使轿车的聚散器处于空挡方位.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可以用it替代
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
咱们都认为你所说的是不可以信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
咱们发现咱们所学到的东西都是有用的.
三、介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
咱们正在谈论是不是让学生参加咱们的沙龙.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent
up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时分except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
关于我的新邻居我只晓得他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
四、描述词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的描述词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我深信我会经过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱愧我这么长时刻在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他患病的时分李明能去看望他.
五、if,whether在宾语从句中的差异
① if和whether在作“是不是”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不必if
② 少量动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,可是if不可以以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能抉择是不是留下。）
⑤ 避免歧异时,咱们常用whether而不必if.
六、哪些宾语从句不可以以省掉引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有刺进语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省掉,第二个that不可以以省掉;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语对错谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句离隔时.
七、宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,guess等,而且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般如今时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句共同.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那自个不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
假定宾语从句中有某个富含否定意义的描述词或副词,其反义疑问句要用必定方法.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
咱们发现他历来不细心听教师讲课,是不是?
8、宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为如今时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为曩昔时
①从句用一般曩昔时或曩昔进行时标明与主句谓语动词动作一起发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只晓得他其时在西方的一个国家读书,可不晓得是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时分我是不是正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句曩昔结束时标明该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他现已把有关会议的作业告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用曩昔将来时标明该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是不是会采纳必要的办法打压骚乱.
假定从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而改变
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
教师昨日说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序组织,常常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为本年大众会选谁为他们最喜爱的歌手.
学习宾语从句要捉住三要素：联接词、语序和时态。
联接词
1．从句为陈述句，常选择联接词that或将that省掉，直接与主句相连。
2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择联接词if或whether。在 whether … or not 规划中不能用 if 替换。
3．从句为特别疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作联接词。
留心：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他
判别时态情况
1.主句是一般如今时，从句为各种时态情况。
2.主句是一般曩昔时，从句为各种相应曩昔时态留心：从句描绘客观实际，用一般如今时。
eg:
1. The teacher told the children that the sun＿＿＿＿ round.
A. was B. is C. were D. are
2. I don’t know＿＿＿＿ to visit the old man.
A. whether B. if C. that D. who
3.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where B.what;which C.where;which D.what;where
答：例3选B，动词reach后接宾语从句，从句短少宾语，where不可以，which引导宾语从句时表疑问意义“哪一个…”而此句中并非疑问意义，不晓得哪一座古刹，而是用what从句表陈述意义，意“曩昔的一座旧古刹”；temple后为对其润饰的定语从句，用联络代词which替代，并在从句中作动词used的宾语，use sth. as…“把…用作…
宾语从句用作宾语。如：
This is the man whom he is looking for.
宾语从句的用法
1.that引导宾语从句无意义，不充当语句成分常省掉。但下列情况在外：
（1）介词宾语从句的that不省掉
（2） and联接的几个从句，第二个从句今后的从句的that不省掉。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
（3）在动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句规划中，that不省掉。
I heard it said that he had gone abroad
We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
2.Whether ,if 引导宾语从句：两词可交换，可是下列景象在外：
（1）whether从句中有or not
（2）whether从句做介词宾语
Everything depends on whether you agree with us.
3.许多带复合宾语的语句，宾语从句常常移到语句后部，而用it做方法宾语。规划常是：
主语+动词+it+描述词/名词等宾语补足语+宾语从句
We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. 4.宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时分可以用it 作方法宾语，而把真实的宾语从句放在后边。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定方法一般是不是定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般曩昔时态，从句也要用曩昔时态；具体细节请看第一有些。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句，在复合句中作宾语，位于及物动词后。
eg．
Tell him which class you are in ．
Do you know what he likes？
注：
(1) 主、从句时态共同：
主句谓语曩昔时，从句相应曩昔时；
He answered that he was listening to me.
主句谓语如今时，从句时态任所需；
eg． He says (that) he will leave a message on my desk.
They know (that) he is working hard.
具体曩昔永不变，真理格言如今时；
eg．He told me that he was born in 1980.
Father told me that practice makes perfect .
（2）否定前移，及结束反意问句
在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等动词后跟宾语从句否定式时，应转移到主句上去，结束反意问句时，应与从句主、谓坚持共同。（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
eg． I don't think you are right, are you ?
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
（3）运用虚拟口气的情况
在标明：
主张 suggest 、advise、propose;
需求demand 、desire、request；
抉择 decide;
指令 order、command、require;
坚决主张 insist;
等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟口气）
eg． I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
（4）宾语从句后置情况
假定宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作方法宾语，把宾语从句后置
eg．You may think it strange that he would live there．
（5）宾从中that不可以省掉的情况
宾语从句that常可省掉，但在以下情况下不能省掉
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省掉第一个that，其他不能省掉。
eg．I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better．
B．当it作方法宾语时
eg．She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
eg．That our team will win，I believe．
界说和宾从例句分析
宾语从句就是一个语句作动词或介词的宾语。
A. 作动词的宾语:
I heard the news.
主语 谓语动词 名词作宾语
I heard that he would come here later on.
主语 谓语动词 一个语句作宾语---宾语从句
B. 作介词的宾语:
He said nothing about the plan.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 名词作介词的宾语
He said nothing about who broke the window last night.
主语 谓语动词 代词作动词的宾语 介词 一个语句作介词的宾语
带有宾语从句的复合句的构成
带有宾语从句的复合句就是用联接词把一个主句和一个宾语从句联接在一同。联接词有：that(可省掉)，what, who, when, where, why, which, if, whether, how.
1. He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.
宾语
2. He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.
直接宾语 直接宾语
3. He told me where he was going to travel that summer.
直接宾语 直接宾语
4. He wanted to know what the manager had said at the meeting.
who hadn’t passed the exam.
when she would leave this building.
why she cried last night.
where she was going to study.
which student was his partner in the short play.
how she managed to solve the problem.
在比方4中，当主句是曩昔时态时（一般曩昔时，曩昔进行时，曩昔将来时，曩昔结束时），从句根据不怜惜况有必要运用曩昔时态的一种，（大天然的表象和真理在外）。
5. He wants to know what I can cook for dinner.
who broke the window yesterday.
when I can have a holiday.
why I failed the exam yesterday.
where I should have dinner with my friend tonight.
which book is the best one.
if (whether) I have passed the exam.
how my cat escaped from the room last night.
在比方5中，当主语是如今时态时（一般如今时，如今进行时，一般将来时，如今结束时），从句可根据不怜惜况运用各种时态。
留心
A 宾语从句有必要用陈述语序。
False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时分可以用it 作方法宾语，而把真实的宾语从句放在后边。
Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good:He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.
C 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定方法一般是不是定主句。
Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher.
Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.
D 主句一般曩昔时态，从句也要用曩昔时态；具体细节请看第一有些。
False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
宾语从句是英语复合句中的其间非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个语句做另一个语句的宾语，将这个语句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。如今从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
一，引导词
(1)由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在许多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起联接作用，在从句中不做语句的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省掉，但在大大都情况下仍是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。
例：I told him that he was wrong.
l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词致使的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是不是定意义，却不必否定方法，而将think 等动词变为否定方法。
例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
l 在许多带有复合宾语的语句中，that引导的宾语从句常常移到语句的后边，而用it做方法宾语。
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一自个说谎是差错的)
(2)由连词if、 whether 引导的标明“是不是…”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做语句的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.
l 在介词后边的宾语从句中不必if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
l 宾语从句中有or not时不必if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l 和不定式连用作宾语时不必if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
(3)由wh-引导的宾语从句。联接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和联接副词when, where, why, how 等联接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有联接从句的作用，又在句中充当语句的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地址状语)
二，宾语从句的语序，
宾语从句从句的语序有必要是陈述语序，即联接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态受主句的捆绑，
既：主句是一般如今时态，从句根据实践情况而定。
主句是一般曩昔时态，从句用相应的曩昔的时态。假定从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用曩昔结束时态。
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
假定宾语从句说的是客观真理、天然表象或实际时，这时宾语从句要用一般如今时态。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
留心思项：
由陈述句变成宾语从句时，要留心人称的改变。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.”
She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?”
She asked me if I liked maths.
宾语从句与简略句的交流
由联接代词和联接副词引导的宾语从句，假定宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一自个时，可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简略句规划。
例：I don’t know what I should do next.
I don’t
know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live.
He didn’t know where to live.